Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic panels or PV modules, convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic (PV) effect. When sunlight hits a solar panel, the light energy is converted into electricity. Solar panels respond to both direct sunlight and diffuse sunlight reflected from particles in clouds and the atmosphere. This means they can generate electricity even on cloudy days, although most electricity is produced on clear days when direct sunlight hits the panels.
Measuring solar power:
The rated capacity of a solar panel is measured in watts (W) under standard test conditions. These conditions serve as a benchmark for comparing different panels. However, actual power generation varies due to factors such as climate, weather, time of day, location, panel orientation, and cleanliness. A rooftop solar system comprises multiple panels, and its capacity is measured in kilowatts (kW). The generating ability of solar panels decreases over time due to degradation, described by the panel’s performance warranty.
Electricity generated:
Electricity generated by solar panels is measured in watt-hours (Wh) or kilowatt-hours (kWh). Under standard test conditions, 1 kW of solar panels can generate 1 kWh of electricity per hour. In Australia, the average daily generation per kW of solar panels ranges from 3.5 kWh to 5 kWh, depending on various factors.
Size of solar panels:
The rated capacity of a solar panel depends on its physical dimensions and efficiency. Efficiency refers to the percentage of light energy converted to electricity. Larger panels or more efficient ones yield higher rated capacities. Solar retailers consider these factors when designing a solar system.
Solar panel quality:
The quality of solar panels affects their longevity and performance. To ensure quality, check if the panels are included in the Clean Energy Council list of approved modules, examine the panel warranty, and look for positive reviews from manufacturers and products with technical support in Australia.
Manufacturer tiers:
Solar panel manufacturers are ranked into three tiers based on factors like financial status, experience, and scale of manufacture. Tier 1 represents the highest quality, but it’s essential to verify reviews of specific panel models despite the manufacturer’s tier status.